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Sam Pa
Sam Pa is believed to be the head of the 88 Queensway Group and numerous subsidiary companies that operate mining and resource concessions in a number of countries notably across Africa. Pa has also been the subject of controversy, allegedly propping up Robert Mugabe's ZANU-PF regime in Zimbabwe and securing business contacts on the back of a coup d'état in Madagascar and civil unrest in Guinea.
==History==
Sam Pa is alleged to use a number of different aliases; at least eight different names were listed in connection with Pa in an American Congressional report.〔(88 Queensway Group, A Case Study in Chinese Investors' Operations in Angola and Beyond ). US -China Economic & Security Review Commission. Levkowitz, McLellan Ross & Warner 10 July 2009〕 Some of the names used are Sam Pa, Sampa, Samo, Sam King, Sa Muxu, Xu Songhua, Xu Jinghua, Ghui Ka Leung.
It is unknown why Pa uses so many aliases. Attempts to research Pa's history prove inconclusive, which has led some to the belief that he is a "princeling" - the son of a well connected original Chinese communist revolutionary.〔(ZANU in shadow of elusive Chinese magnate ), The Times (RSA)〕 Reports also list one of Pa's aliases as having a Russian military background 〔Deborah Brautigam, The Dragons Gift p372〕 that spent time in Angola during the Angolan Civil War.〔(State or Mate? Who's behind China Fund? ), John Garnaut〕 It is believed that during Pa's time with the Russian military he first met the future Angolan President Jose Eduardo Dos Santos.〔 This was a relationship that he exploited after the Civil War to secure a monopoly over reconstruction projects, which in turn allowed Pa to develop his business interests in China buying a host of construction businesses such as China Steel 20 (Zhongtie 20), Guangxi Construction and Engineering, Guangxi Water and Electric, Sichuan Nanchong, Sichuan Uingshan, Fuikan Ningde, Jinghend INternational and others.〔Blog entry 02/10/1007 http://www.chineseinafrica.com〕 It is also alleged by Chinese bloggers that Pa provided weapons and support during the Angolan Civil War.〔Luping 01/18/2007 http://www.africawindows.com〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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